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Yom Kippur is the holiest day of the year -- the day on which we are closest to G-d and to the quintessential core of our own souls. It is the "Day of Atonement" -- "For on this day He will forgive you, to purify you, that you be cleansed from all your sins before G-d" Leviticus 16:30.
For twenty-six hours, from several minutes before sunset on the Jewish month of Tishrei 9 to after nightfall on Tishrei 10, we "afflict our souls": women 12-years-old and up and men 13-years-old and up abstain from food and drink, do not wash or anoint our bodies, do not wear leather shoes.
Before Yom Kippur we perform the Kaparot “atonement service”, we ‘take honey cake, eat a festive meal, and give extra charity. After afternoon Mincha prayers we eat the final meal at which we bless our children. We then change our shoes to non leather ones, light a memorial candle as well as the holiday candles and head to the synagogue for Kol Nidrei services “annulment of vows”.
What gifts and items are symbolic for Yom Kippur? (see our recommendations below):
- The Shofar (Ram's horn): Yom Kippur concludes with the Neilah prayers followed by the Shofar blast and Evening services.
- Charity: It is customary to give charity generously and liberally during all the days of repentance, but on the day before Yom Kippur this is even more the case, for tzedakah is a great source of merit and serves as protection against harsh decrees.
- Blessing the Children: It is customary to bless one's children after the meal, although there is no required formula for this blessing, it is customary to say:
"May G-d make you like Efrayim and Menashe" [for a son]; or, "May G-d make you like Sarah, Rivkah, Rachel, and Leah" [for a daughter].
- Holy day festive meal: It is a mitzvah to eat and drink on the eve of Yom Kippur. Two meals are eaten, one in the morning, and one just prior to the onset of Yom Kippur.
- Candle Lighting: Women and girls light candles on the eve of Yom Kippur and recite the appropriate blessings.